What do you know about heart and chest surgery in the world?
What do you know about heart and chest surgery in the world?
Cardiac surgery became possible in the mid-twentieth century, and the most important technical scientific contribution was the invention of the heart and lung machine, by which the blood circulation could be diverted from the heart, allowing the surgeon to continue his surgery on the heart while in a state of stillness and a vacuum of blood, and the machine relieves the heart and lungs from a burden Pumping blood and saturating it with oxygen, in addition to the development of immunosuppressive drugs and rejection of foreign bodies, and the possibility of hypothermia during the process. Many operations are currently performed on the heart. Like switching valves, and even switching the heart and heart transplant from another person, or artificial heart transplant in addition to surgery on large arteries such as the aorta, and acquired heart disorders that lead to narrowing of the valves, or blood vessels.
Risks of heart surgery
The development of cardiac surgery and cardiovascular bypass reduced the mortality rates of these surgeries. For example, the death rate for congenital heart defects is 4-6%. One of the main concerns in heart surgery is the occurrence of nerve damage. Stroke occurs in 5% of all people who undergo heart surgery, and it is higher in patients at risk of stroke. Stroke is attributed to cardiopulmonary bypass and is called post-perfusion syndrome
In order to evaluate the performance of the surgical units and individual surgeons, a popular model called Euroscore was created. Where he takes a number of health factors from the patient and uses logistic regression coefficients as he tries to give a percentage chance of survival. In the UK this system was used to give a breakdown of all cardiovascular surgery centers and give some indication of whether the units and the performance of their surgeons are within an acceptable range or not. The results are available on the CQC website. However, the precise methodology used has not yet been published and does not include the preliminary data on which the findings are based.
One of the primary risks for cardiovascular surgery is infection. They can include mediastinitis, neuromuscular or pericardial inflammation, endocarditis, cardiac infection, pneumonia and bloodstream infections. Colon inflammation can occur when using preventive antibiotics or after surgery.
Thoracic surgery
Pleurectomy is a surgical procedure in which part of the pleura is removed. It is sometimes used in the treatment of pneumothorax and mesothelioma.
The artificial lung is an artificial system that is implanted into the body to replace the biological lung. This device differs from the heart and lungs in that it is an internal device designed to perform the functions of the lungs for long periods of time and not for temporary periods. The most recent developments in this area include a device that uses small hollow fibers and the pumping force of the heart to supply blood with oxygen. A person’s lung machine may need to be installed if a person’s lung becomes ill or damaged, and there is no longer a possibility to treat them.
The left ventricle is one of the four chambers of the human heart (atria and ventricles). It receives oxygen-carrying blood from the left atrium via the mitral or mitral valve and pumps it into the aorta via the aortic valve. The muscles of the left ventricle are larger than the muscles of the right ventricle due to their pumping of blood into the major blood circulation. This cycle is more resistant, so the blood needs more force to pump it.
Their function is similar, since the two ventricles play the main role of the heart, which is pumping blood into the arteries, the difference is that the right ventricle pumps blood through the pulmonary valve and then through the pulmonary artery to the lungs, while the left ventricle pumps blood through the aortic valve and then through the aorta to the rest the body.
Lung abscess is pulmonary tissue necrosis, cavities form (greater than 2 cm) and contain necrotic debris or fluids from bacterial infection.
Alcoholism is the leading cause of lung abscess.
The lung abscess is considered to be primary and constitutes 60% of the cases when the disease results from the existing lung parenchymal operation. As for the secondary, it is a complication of a blockage of the blood vessel or due to the rupture of the abscess outside the lung and the entry into the lung.
Symptoms of lung abscess
The onset of symptoms is often gradual, but in staph or Gram-negative patients with bacillary pneumonia can be severe. Coughing, fever, shivering and night sweats are often present. Coughing can be produced with purulent-smelling phlegm (≈70%) or less often with blood (i.e. hemoptysis in one-third cases). Affected persons may also complain of chest pain, shortness of breath, lethargy and other chronic disease features. Patients are generally cachexia in width. Fingertipes are found in a third of patients. Tooth decay is especially common in alcoholic beverages and children. On examination of the chest there will be details such as localized heaviness when examining by methods, bronchial breathing sound etc.
The abscess often affects one side and includes the posterior segment of the upper lobe and the apical segments of the lower lobe when lying down. The presence of some levels of liquid air leads to tears in the trachea or at times the growth of gas and thus the formation of an organism.
Lung cancer surgery
Not all lung cancers are suitable for surgery. Where (the stage of cancer, its location and cell type) are considered important important factors.
Types of surgery
Tumor resection (lung lobe removal)
Spinal resection (removal of part of the lung lobe)
Segmentectomy (removal of anatomical division of a specific lung of the lung)
Lung resection (removal of the entire lung)
Bronchectomy (removal of tubular section linked to major bronchi during lobectomy)
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